Countercyclical Regulation and Its Challenges

Countercyclical U.S. fertility and its implications.

The following article is the verbatim text of a report based on research funded by the Social Security Administration and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to the Rand Corporation. The report looks at changing fertility rates in the United States and their implications for future population size and age distributions. An economic model of fertility rate is used to exp...

Caspian Sea and its Ecological Challenges

Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on the earth. Since the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 and discovering large oil and gas fields, some issues such as political, economic and environmental events, made the Caspian Sea important. The ecology of the Sea are being endangered due to several issues such as petroleum extraction, river and sea pollutions, water level rise, biological...

Countercyclical Bank Equity Issuance∗

It is well established that equity issuance for most non-financial firms is procyclical. This paper shows that, in contrast, equity issuance for banks is countercyclical across credit cycles after 1980, as is retained income. Thus, during credit booms, banks raise less equity, even though more equity might help banks better absorb shocks. This paper shows that government guarantees play a cruci...

On Business Cycles and Countercyclical Policies

Economists are still trying to assess the severity of this slowdown, and this assessment has clearly become more difficult since the events of September 11. It is worth emphasizing that this article is silent about the economic implications of wars and similar cataclysms and focuses instead on the analysis of " typical " business cycles. The slowdown that began prior to September 11 had already...

On Business Cycles and Countercyclical Policies